07年考研英语阅读理解精读100篇unit13
As a track star in high school, Sallie Krawcheck ranked among her state's best at the high jump. But she hasn't jumped for anyone since, and her unshakable independence has propelled her career on Wall Street to heights unimaginable to a girl coming of age in Charleston, S.C., in the 1970s. Then, Krawcheck--always an outstanding student--thought mostly of cheerleading and "dating the coolest boy," she acknowledges. "She was in danger of becoming terminally cute," recalls her high school guidance counselor, Nancy Wise, who recognized Krawcheck's potential early and stoked her business ambitions. Today Krawcheck, 37, is one of the most powerful women in the corporate world and a rising star.
How far she climbs depends on how well she meets her latest challenge: closing the credibility gap at financial-services giant Citigroup, after government inquiries put a cloud over the firm's reputation--and its stock. Krawcheck was hired in October from the independent stock-research firm Sanford C. Bernstein (where she was CEO) to be Citi's designated savior. Citigroup's proud CEO, Sanford Weill, personally wooed her, reorganizing a large chunk of Citi around her. Krawcheck is now CEO of a reconstituted Smith Barney, which encompasses Citi's stock-research and retail-brokerage operations.
This large stage leaves Krawcheck outwardly undaunted. She's relaxed and confident, with a self-deprecating sense of humor. She says she's "incredibly insecure," and has had nightmares in which she fails to win the respect of her new colleagues. But this soft-spoken humility belies a toughness present from the start. Daughter of a lawyer and sister of three more, Krawcheck learned early on to substantiate her assertions--or keep quiet.
"It used to get quite interesting around the dinner table," says her father Lenny, who practices law in Charleston. "Politics, relationships--you name it. It was every man for himself and awful tough to make your point." Jokes Sallie: "None of us could get a friend to come over for dinner."
Krawcheck earned a journalism degree from the University of North Carolina and an M.B.A. from Columbia University. She went to work at Salomon Brothers but soon moved to Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette, where she met her husband Gary Appel. In 1994 Krawcheck moved to Bernstein and dived into stock research. She began covering financial-services firms in 1997 and immediately became the most influential analyst in that field. During those years, Krawcheck earned Weill's ire--and respect when she was later proved correct--by dwelling on the pitfalls of Weill's acquisition of Salomon
注（1）：本文选自Time; 12/2/2002, p52, 1/2p, 1c；
注（2）：本文习题命题模仿对象2003年真题Text 2；
1. The author begins his article by __________.
[A]making a comparison
[B]posing a contrast
[C]justifying an assumption
[D]explaining a phenomenon
2. Krawcheck was chosen the CEO of the Smith Barney because ___________.
[A]the CEO of the Citigroup trusted her
[B]she was thought to be able to save Citigroup out of trouble
[C]she has wonderful experience in this field
[D]she is the new rising star
3. Krawcheck’s success depends on ___________.
[A]how well she can regain the firm’s reputation
[B]how well she can save the firm’s credibility crisis
[C]how well she can raise the firm’s stock
[D]how well she can fulfill her own plan and aim
4. The previous days Krawcheck spent at home are mentioned to show that __________.
[A] Krawcheck knows well how to prove her ideas
[B] family members are always on different sides.
[C]there is an air of freedom at Krawcheck’s home
[D]they have a variety of topics at dinner
5.From the text we learn that Krawcheck is ___________.
[A]humorous
[B]soft-hearted
[C]sensitive
[D]strong-minded
答案：ABBAD
篇章剖析
本文记述了萨利•克劳切克成功的职业生涯。第一段指出中学时代的克劳切克就相当出色，今天的她更是出类拔萃；第二段指出她临危授命，担任花旗集团（Citigroup）新组建的史密斯•巴尼公司首席执行官；第三段和第四段介绍了她的性格以及家庭对她的影响；第五段介绍了她辉煌的从业经历。
词汇注释
stoke vt. 给(火或火炉)添加燃料，拨旺(火或火炉)；照管(火炉等); 司(炉)
credibility gap 信用差距
cast (put) a cloud on [upon] 在...上投下一层阴影
woo vt. 向...求婚, 求爱；恳求，请求；劝说, 拉拢(人)(做某事, 投入某项行动等)
belie [bI5laI] vt. 使对…产生错觉；使人对…误解；掩饰；显示(希望、诺言等)不真实(是虚假的)；使失望; 辜负
early on在早期
substantiate vt.证明，使...具体化，使成为现实
assertion [E5sE:FEn] n. 主张, 要求, 断言
stand to one’s assertion 坚持已见
for oneself 为自己; 代表自己; 独力地; 亲自地
ire [5aIE(r)] n. 忿怒，愤怒，怒火
dwell on v. 细想, 详述，详评，如：
pitfall [5pitfC:l] n. 陷阱, 圈套, 诱惑；易犯的错误；(由疏忽而出的)毛病, 缺陷, 失误
难句突破
1．But she hasn't jumped for anyone since, and her unshakable independence has propelled her career on Wall Street to heights unimaginable to a girl coming of age in Charleston, S.C., in the 1970s.
主体句式：she hasn't jumped for anyone since, and her independence has propelled her to heights …
结构分析：本句是and引导的两个并列句。在这个句子中，注意propel的用法：“propel sb. to do sth”，意思是“促使、推动某人做某事”；“unimaginable to a girl”做后置定语来修饰“heights”；“coming of age”做后置定语修饰“a girl”，其中“age”的意思是“成年”。
句子译文：但她从那以后再也没有为任何人跳过，而她那不可动摇的独立性把她在华尔街的职业生涯推向一个在二十世纪七十年代对一个来自南卡罗来纳州查尔斯顿正在步入成年之列的少女来说不可思议的高度。
2．How far she climbs depends on how well she meets her latest challenge: closing the credibility gap at financial-services giant Citigroup, after government inquiries put a cloud over the firm's reputation--and its stock.
主体句式：How far she climbs depends on how well she meets her latest challenge …
结构分析：从句“how far she climbs”做句子的主语；从句“how well she meets”做动词短语“depend on”的宾语；“closing the credibility gap”做伴随状语，其中“credibility gap”的意思是“信用差距”，“put a cloud over”的意思是“在...上投下一层阴影”。
句子译文: 她能取得多大的成就取决于她如何迎接她的最新挑战：在政府的调查使公司的名誉——及其股票——罩上一层阴影之后，缩小财政服务巨人Citigroup集团的信用差距。
题目分析
1.答案为A，属事实细节题。文章中提到中学时代的克劳切克和今天的克劳切克都是相当成功的。
2.答案为B，属事实细节题。原文对应信息是“Krawcheck was hired in October from the independent stock-research firm Sanford C. Bernstein (where she was CEO) to be Citi's designated savior.”。
3.答案为B ，属推理判断题。原文对应信息是：“How far she climbs depends on how well she meets her latest challenge: closing the credibility gap at financial-services giant Citigroup, after government inquiries put a cloud over the firm's reputation--and its stock.”。本句的分析参见难句突破部分。
4.答案为A，属推理判断题。第三段最后一句指出“Daughter of a lawyer and sister of three more, Krawcheck learned early on to substantiate her assertions--or keep quiet.”，然后作者在第四段给出克劳切克的父亲和她本人的感受，来进一步来说明这一句话。
5.答案为D，属事实细节题。原文对应信息是：“But this soft-spoken humility belies a toughness present from the start.”。
参考译文
作为中学时代的径赛明星，萨利•克劳切克曾名列她所在州跳高运动的榜首。但她从那以后再也没有为任何人跳过，而她那不可动摇的独立性把她在华尔街的职业生涯推向一个在二十世纪七十年代对一个来自南卡罗来纳州查尔斯顿正在步入成年之列的少女来说不可思议的高度。克劳切克——她总是一名杰出的学生——承认说，主要想的就是如何带领啦啦队和 “约会最酷的男孩。” 很早就认识到她的潜能并激发她商业雄心的中学指导顾问南希•怀斯回忆说，“她极有可能成为绝顶聪明之人。” 今天，37岁的克劳切克是商界最强有力的女人之一，是一颗冉冉升起的明星。
她能取得多大的成就取决于她如何迎接她的最新挑战：在政府的调查使公司的名誉——及其股票——罩上一层阴影之后，缩小财政服务巨人Citigroup集团的信用差距。克劳切克是10月从独立的股票研究公司——桑福德•C•伯恩斯坦公司(在这家公司她是首席执行官)被招聘为选定的Citi集团的救星。Citigroup集团高傲的首席执行官桑福德•韦尔亲自恳求她，把Citi集团的一大块重组在她周围。克劳切克现在是重组后的史密斯巴尼公司(其中包括 Citi集团的股票研究和零售经纪业务)的首席执行官。
这个大舞台让克劳切克无所畏惧地向外扩张。她显得轻松自如且胸有成竹，带有几分自贬式的幽默感。她说她感到“难以置信地没有把握，”常常做恶梦，梦见她得不到新同事的尊敬。但是这种说起话来让人感到温柔可亲的谦卑掩饰了她一开始就有的坚韧与果断。作为律师的女儿和另外三个姊妹的姐姐, 克劳切克很早就学会了如何证实自己的主张——或保持镇静。
“过去围坐餐桌就餐是相当有趣的，”她父亲伦尼——他在查尔斯顿当律师——这样说。“政治、关系——你只管讲出来。每个人都讲自己的观点，要想讲清一个论点着实很困难。”萨莉开玩笑说，“我们谁也不能邀请朋友来吃饭”。
克劳切克先后获得北卡罗莱那州立大学的新闻学学士学位和哥伦比亚大学的工商管理硕士学位。她到萨洛蒙兄弟公司工作，但很快就转到唐纳森、拉夫金-詹雷特公司工作，在那儿她遇见了她的丈夫加里•阿普尔。1994年，克劳切克中转入伯恩斯坦公司，此后便一头扎进股票研究工作。1997年，她开始涉足金融服务公司，很快便成为该领域的最有影响力的分析家。在这几年中，克劳切克对韦尔收购萨洛蒙公司一案进行了详细评述，这激起了韦尔的忿怒，同时也赢得了他的尊重，因为后来的发展证明她是正确的。
07年考研英语阅读理解精读100篇unit14
The train was running late, but the 35 aboriginal children who had travelled for two hours through the South Australian desert to meet it did not seem to mind. It was, after all, Australia’s and one of the world’s most unusual train journeys. When the Indian Pacific passenger train finally ground to a halt at Watson, a siding on Australia’s transcontinental line, the children burst into a rendition of a Spanish Christmas song, "Feliz Navidad", as Father Christmas disembarked to distribute gifts.
Watson is a red desert moonscape on the Nullarbor Plain at the eastern end of the world’s longest stretch of straight rail track, 478km (297 miles). This is a mere one-tenth of the 4,352km, three-day journey the train was making between Sydney on Australia’s east coast and Perth on the west coast. The Indian Pacific and its predecessors, such as the Tea and Sugar Train that took provisions to isolated outback communities, were once symbols of Australia’s conquest of its vast distances. But by the 1990s, air travel and the neglect of Australia’s railways by their federal and state-government owners almost killed the last east-west passenger train.
After threatening to close the loss-making Indian Pacific, the federal government in Canberra sold it and the Ghan, another outback passenger train, to Great Southern Railway (GSR), a British-owned private consortium, in 1997. GSR has now turned a first-year loss of A$20m ($15m) into a small operating profit by restoring rolling stock, hiring young, multi-skilled, non-unionised crews and re-marketing the trains to locals and tourists alike. One innovation was to send the Indian Pacific on a whistle-stop Christmas run taking gifts and music to the outback. This year’s journey, the fifth, with impromptu concerts at remote sidings by Jimmy Barnes, an Australian rock star, drew the biggest crowds so far. Broken Hill, a town in western New South Wales struggling since its big silver, lead and zinc mine started winding down, now relies on the Indian Pacific’s tourist passengers for economic lifeblood.
The Ghan’s revival on the north-south transcontinental line has been even more remarkable. The 65,000-plus passengers it carried through the Northern Territory in 2004 were 60% more than in the previous year. Public interest grew after the opening of a new line between Alice Springs and Darwin, allowing people to make the two-day journey from Adelaide by rail for the first time. GSR plans to double the Ghan’s frequency in 2005.
The railway revival still has inefficiencies to overcome. The Indian Pacific competes for space on the single track with trains that carry 80% of the freight between Australia’s east and west coasts. Though most of the line is straight and flat, speed limitations mean this is not a journey for anyone in a hurry.
注（1）：本文选自Economist; 12/18/2004, p54-54, 2/5p；
注（2）：本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题Text 1；
1. What was the Indian Pacific like before its selling to GSR?
[A]It always posed a threat to the federal government.
[B]It was mainly used for carrying cargos.
[C]It almost broke down and collapsed.
[D]It helped Australia conquer its vast land.
2. Which of the following is not true about “the Indian Pacific”?
[A]It was not popular with passengers with its low speed.
[B]It used to be a symbol of Australia’s conquest of its vast distance.
[C]It almost disappeared because of the air travel and the neglect of Australia’s railway.
[D]Many ways have been adopted to revive it.
3. The main idea of paragraph 3 and paragraph 4 is that __________.
[A]what is the use of reviving the railway
[B]what effect the revival of the railway has brought about
[C]how to deal with the difficulties in the development of railway
[D]how the measures are adopted to revive the collapsing railways
4. What benefit can the revival of the railway bring to some remote and rural area?
[A]It can bring happiness to the children there.
[B]It can help develop the economy.
[C]It can lessen the burden of the government.
[D]It can bring a lot of job opportunities.
5. What difficulty is the Indian Pacific facing today?
[A]The train goes so slowly that many people will not take it.
[B] The frequency of using the single track line is low.
[C] The space for developing the Indian Pacific is not large enough.
[D]Carrying passengers is less profitable than carrying the freight.
答案：CADBC
篇章剖析
本文介绍了澳大利亚一些通往内地的乘客列车由于某些原因几乎陷入关闭的境地，现在澳大利亚正在掀起复兴铁路的热潮。第一段介绍了世界上最不寻常的一次火车旅行；第二段指出曾一度是澳大利亚征服这片辽阔疆域的标志的列车它们现在的境遇；第三段和第四段指出复兴这些铁路所采取的措施；第五段指出这些列车所面临的一些问题。
词汇注释
clatter vi, vt. 发出得得、卡嗒、丁当、哗啦啦、格格等响声；嘁嘁喳喳讲话；(车轮转动时)发出急促的敲击声
moonscape n. 月的表面(景色)；月面似的荒凉景色
grind vi. 磨, 碾, 研; 磨碎[光、快]；磨擦得嘎嘎响；刻苦用功
siding [5saidiN] n. (=sidetrack)(铁路)旁轨, 岔道, 侧线
transcontinental adj. 横贯大陆的, 大陆那边的, <主加拿大>横穿大路的列车(或铁路)
rendition [ren5dIF(E)n] n.表演, 演唱, 翻译
Nullarbor [`nQlEbR:(r)] Plain 纳勒博平原[澳大利亚西南部](火箭制造基地和试验场)
Perth 珀斯(也译佩思)(澳大利亚西南一城市)
predecessor [5pri:dIsesE(r); (?@) 5predEsesEr] n.前辈, 前任, (被取代的)原有事物
provision [prE5vIV(E)n] n.供应, (一批)供应品，补给物；预备, 防备, 规定
outback [5aJtbAk] n.内地, (指澳大利亚等偏僻而人口稀少的地方)
neglect n. (常与of连用)疏忽；忽略；被忽略的状况；被忽略的事实
the Indian Pacific, the Ghan and the Overlander, The Great Southern Railway均为澳大利亚铁路线的名称，分别是“印度太平洋”、“甘”、“陆地旅行” 和“大南方铁路” 等线路。
distance n. 宽阔的区域，一片没有指定界限的空间
rolling stock n. 机车车辆(铁路或汽车运输公司的)车辆(总称)，全部车辆
whistle-stop n. (AmE.) (铁路沿线的)小镇；(竞选演说旅途中的)游说；短暂停留(露面或发表简短演说)
run n. 短期旅行或访问；为公共职位而进行的竞选
wind [waInd] down 松开(发条) 使放松下来；把(汽车玻璃)摇下；失去势头; 减速; 松劲，渐减能量、强度或范围上渐渐减少
lifeblood n.生命必须的血液, 活力的源泉，命脉，生命线
难句突破
1．When the Indian Pacific passenger train finally ground to a halt at Watson, a siding on Australia’s transcontinental line, the children burst into a rendition of a Spanish Christmas song, "Feliz Navidad", as Father Christmas disembarked to distribute gifts.
主体句式：the children burst into a rendition of a Spanish Christmas song …
结构分析：“when”引导时间状语从句，其中“grind to a halt”的意思是“慢慢停 了下来”，“a siding on Australia’s transcontinental line”是“Watson”的同位语；主句中词组“burst into”的意思是“ 突然出现”，“Feliz Navidad”是“a Spanish Christmas song”的同位语，“as”引导时间状语从句。
句子译文：当这列印第安大西洋旅客列车终于在沃森车站——澳大利亚横穿大路铁路的侧线——嘎的一声停下来时，圣诞老人下车开始分发礼物，此时，这些孩子开始欢快地唱起了一首西班牙圣诞节歌曲——《白色圣诞节》。
2．GSR has now turned a first-year loss of A$20m ($15m) into a small operating profit by restoring rolling stock, hiring young, multi-skilled, non-unionised crews and re-marketing the trains to locals and tourists alike.
主体句式：GSR has now turned a first-year loss of A$20m ($15m) into a small operating profit…
结构分析：本句是一个简单句，关键是理解介词“by”之后所跟单词的含义。
句子译文：“大南方铁路”采取了一系列整顿措施，包括修复机车车辆、雇佣年轻、具备多种技能、未参加工会的乘务人员、向当地居民和旅游者重新进行市场宣传等。通过这些措施，它不仅初步扭转了亏损局面，填补了高达2千万澳元(1.5千万美元)的第一年亏损额，还获得少量营业利润。
题目分析
1.答案为C，属事实细节题。原文对应信息是“But by the 1990s, air travel and the neglect of Australia’s railways by their federal and state-government owners almost killed the last east-west passenger train.”
2.答案为A，属事实细节题。原文对应信息是“speed limitations mean this is not a journey for anyone in a hurry.”。列车实行的限速意味着这条线路对于有紧急公务在身的乘客并不适合，并不是针对所有乘客。
3.答案为D ，属主旨大意题。第三段和第四段主要指出为复兴这些铁路所做出的努力和尝试。
4.答案为B，属事实细节题。从句子“The Indian Pacific and its predecessors, such as the Tea and Sugar Train that took provisions to isolated outback communities, were once symbols of Australia’s conquest of its vast distances.”我们可看出这些火车都是开往偏远的内地社区的。句子“Broken Hill, a town in western New South Wales struggling since its big silver, lead and zinc mine started winding down, now relies on the Indian Pacific’s tourist passengers for economic lifeblood.”告诉我们布罗肯希尔这个偏远地区的小镇现在正借“印第安号”旅行乘客的东风大力发展经济命脉。
5.答案为C，属事实细节题。原文对应信息是：“The Indian Pacific competes for space on the single track with trains that carry 80% of the freight between Australia’s east and west coasts.”。
参考译文
火车在晚点运行, 但坐了二个小时火车穿越南澳大利亚沙漠的35个土著居民的孩子似乎对此毫不介意。这毕竟是澳大利亚也是世界上最不寻常的一次火车旅行。当这列印第安大西洋旅客列车终于在沃森车站——澳大利亚横穿大路铁路的侧线——嘎的一声停下来时，圣诞老人下车开始分发礼物，此时，这些孩子开始欢快地唱起了一首西班牙圣诞节歌曲——《白色圣诞节》。
沃森火车站是纳勒博平原上一个荒凉的红色沙漠景点，位于世界上最长的直线铁路(478km 或297英里)东线的末端。这仅仅是从澳大利亚东部海岸的悉尼到西部海岸珀斯长达4,352公里的三天旅程的十分之一。“印第安大西洋”和它以前的列车，如曾经向与世隔绝的内地社区运送供应物资的“茶糖列车”, 曾一度是澳大利亚征服这片辽阔疆域的标志，但在上个世纪90年代以前, 航空旅行以及包括联邦政府和州政府在内的铁路所有者对澳大利亚铁路的忽视几乎扼杀了这条最后的横贯东西的旅客列车线路。
在堪培拉联邦政府扬言要关闭长期亏损的印第安大西洋铁路线之后，它于1997 年把印第安大西洋线路和另一条澳洲内地旅客列车线路——甘铁路——卖给了一家英国人拥有的私有财团——“大南方铁路(GSR)”。“大南方铁路”采取了一系列整顿措施，包括修复机车车辆、雇佣年轻、具备多种技能、未参加工会的乘务人员、向当地居民和旅游者重新进行市场宣传等。通过这些措施，它不仅初步扭转了亏损局面，填补了高达2千万澳元(1.5千万美元)的第一年亏损额，还获得少量营业利润。其中一项创举是安排“印第安大西洋号”列车沿着铁路线做圣诞节短期宣传访问，把圣诞礼物和音乐带给澳大利亚偏僻的内地。今年的圣诞之行是这一创举的第五次出行，它带给遥远铁路侧线各地居民的是澳大利亚摇滚明星吉米•巴尼斯出演的即兴音乐会。这次宣传访问吸引了成千上万的观众，观众人数是迄今为止最多的。布罗肯希尔是新南威尔士西部的一个小镇。自从当地的大型银矿、铅矿和锌矿开采的势头开始下降以来，这个小镇一直在苦苦挣扎寻找发展出路。现在，它正借“印第安号”旅行乘客的东风大力发展经济命脉。
甘线铁路是南北横贯大陆铁路线上的一条侧线，它的复兴更显得非同寻常，引人瞩目。2004年，它在北领地承载的旅客量达到65,000多人，比上一年增加60%。自从在丽斯斯普林斯和达尔文之间新建了一条铁路线后，人们第一次可以从阿德莱德坐火车进行两日游，这使公众出游的兴趣大增。2005年，“大南方铁路”计划将乘坐甘线列车的乘客人次增加一倍。
复兴铁路仍有许多效率低下的情况需要克服。印第安大西洋铁路为唯一一条铁路线上的空间进行竞争。这条线路上的列车运载澳大利亚东部和西部沿海之间地区的80%货物。尽管这条线路的大部分路段笔直平坦, 但这条线路上对列车实行的限速则意味着这条线路并不适合于紧急公务在身的乘客。
