（五）why．．．题型          套路： 
there are many factors that may account for／contribute to／responsible for the reason why．．．，but the following are the most typical ones．first，．．．besides／furthermore／moreover／in addition／what’s more，．．．most important of all／above all，．．． 
all in all／in conclusion，．．． 
【范文】 
why i took geography as my major 
there are many factors that may account for the reason why i took geography as my major，but the following are the most typical ones． 
first，the problem of global environment pollution is serious．each year，a lot of people die from it．therefore，i decide to learn geography to do something to make the world cleaner．furthermore，our great china has many resources that have not been found yet．as a chinese，i think i can use my knowledge of geography to make full use of these resources． most important of all，the horizon of geography is very wide．it includes physics，chemistry and other fields．i can become more knowledgeable by taking geography as my major． 
in conclusion，i take geography because i really like it．and i am sure this major will helpme become a useful person． 
（六）套路综合运用 
can money bring happiness 
can money bring happiness？different people have different answers．some people take it for granted that money is the source of happiness．with money，one can buy whatever he likes，money can bring comfort，security，and so on． 
but a lot of people also hold that money is the root of all evil．this is interpreted to mean that if one is devoted to seeking money，he may go astray and make dirty money by foul means．money may also encourage weak-willed people to be addicted to such harmful habits as drug taking or gambling． 
as to me，it is difficult not to admit that the above two reasons are a bit reasonable，but both views go to extremes．i think whether money can bring happiness depends on how one earns money and how he spends it．only when money is acquired by good means and spent for the benefit of not only oneself but also of society，can it bring happiness． 
directions: in this part, you are to write within 30 minutes a composition of no less than 150 words under the title of choosing a job. your composition should be based on the following outline given in chinese. please remember to write it clearly on the composition sheet.
参考作文1
choosing a job
1. 人们对择业的不同考虑
2. 我对择业的考虑
3. 我为什么这样考虑
     when faced with the choice of jobs, different people have different considerations. some people will ask about the salary of the job and benefit along with it first; others will consider the status of the job to be more important; still others are concerned with the location of the job, distance from home, transportation services or the working surroundings.
      as far as i am concerned, in deciding to accept or to turn down a job, interest in the job comes before anything else. of course, i need also to consider the salary or status of it, distance from home, transportation services and working surroundings, but such things do not play a decisive part in any final choice.
     the reason for such considerations are that i believe it is great pleasure to do what one enjoys doing and it would be a great pain to work on something one does not like. besides, it is interest and enthusiasm in the job that ensures success in it. a man successful in work will sooner or later be recognized by the society, which in turn makes his life more enjoyable.
参考作文2
part-time education in china
1. the popularity of part-time education in our time
2. the ever-growing importance of part-time education
3. my suggestions on the improvement of part-time education
nowadays more and more people, even the aged grandmas and retired professors are engaged in part-time education. what accounts for the popularity of part-time education? i guess the reasons may be as follows.
        first of all, a modern man is involved in many more aspects of social life and wider knowledge sphere if he wants to be successful in life. the regular school training he has received may be far from enough for him. secondly, with the great increase of production and business efficiency, people can spare more time. thirdly, the working institutions may ask their employees to renew their knowledge and skills constantly to meet challenges in their jobs.
        it spite of this, not enough people have come to know the importance of part-time education.
        so, here i would like to make two suggestions. one is to make continuous nation-wide efforts to strengthen our part-time education net, especially in the countryside and in poor and remote areas. the other is that the governments of all levels should pay equal attention to regular education and part-time education so that it can be a powerful means to heighten the cultural qualities of the entire chinese nation.
参考作文3
changes in our life
1. many changes in our life
2. the most important change
3. my attitudes toward the changes
       ever since china has opened up to the outside world, we have seen changes rushing into our life. skyscrapers spring up everywhere, foreign products like coca-cola pour into our market, farmers flood into cities, and computers are said to be revolutionizing our life.
       perhaps the most important change is the way we look at things around us. you do not have to be doing the same job all your life. advertising has become an inseparable part of our daily life. 
       i think that we human beings as part of nature need changes in our life. no one can stop these since no one can hold back the urge for changes in ourselves, physically or mentally. the point is that we should learn how we can adjust and adapt ourselves to the ever-changing world.
参考作文4
it pays to be honest
(1) 当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象。
(2) 诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实。
范文
     nowadays there are more and more dishonest social phenomena that have aroused the public attention. for the sake of their own interest, many people choose to deceive others as well as themselves in some ways. for instance, some companies keep producing inferior products for huge profits, which has done much damage to the markets. another typical example of dishonesty is the seemingly attractive advertisements in public media, many of which are too exaggerated or misleading. as a result, customers don’t know who is worth believing in. 
     being honest is beneficial to both you and others. and every one should deserve honesty as his primary virtue. whatever you do and whoever you are, you should be aware of the importance of being honest. by so doing, you can win you the trust from your boss or your colleagues; you can win you much more reputation and profits in your business. 
参考作文
responsibility
responsibility is the embodiment of morality. it demands that people do certain things for the other people or the country, not thinking of reward. one person should be accountable to his parents or his own family after having arrived at manhood. an employee shouldn’t neglect his duty come what may.
however, many people are always asking for rights, avoiding any responsi­bility. they only think they are entitled to fashionable clothes, extravagant houses and lots of money. thus, there occurred a great many events. for exam­ple, some doctors even leave medical apparatuses in the patient’s stomach after operation, which may cause death.
then, how to solve this increasingly serious problem? above all, the govern­ment should intensify the education of children about responsibility and improve people7 s realization of the necessity of taking responsibility. if everyone did things immorally and irresponsibly, the whole world would be thrown into chaos. in the second place, laws should be established that anyone who defaults respon­sibility is to be punished financially or bodily.
opportunity
people have different views on opportunity. some think that opportunities are rare, and only the luckiest persons can obtain them, while others think that in a sense everyone has opportunity from time to time.
as far as i am concerned, i agree with the latter opinion to some extent. i think that various kinds of opportunities are around us all the time. however, the opportunity will not run into you voluntarily, which means that you must try your best to find them and make full use of them.
for example, when i was studying in high school there was national chemistry competition. most of my classmates thought that we had virtually no chance of winning the competition since we were studying in high school. but i felt that it was a good chance and i must grasp it. so i prepared for it thoroughly and finally i won the first prize.
in conclusion, i believe that the equal opportunities are extended to all of us. we can acquire them only if we are prepared and qualified, just as a proverb says "opportunities are only for the prepared minds. "
on luck
nowadays many people believe in luck. they believe it lies in love, in tests, promotions, etc. i think of luck in many respects. it does not come alone. luck and opportunity go hand in hand with hard work and knowledge.
i was once assigned to work deep in the mountain. being from a poor family, friendless and having no influential relative to rely on, i cursed my luck and let myself drift aimlessly and idled my time away until one day i realized that i could better myself by working hard at my lessons to be an expert in academic studies. from that day on, i used to get up and read early in the morning when it was still dark and quiet. while others were sleeping soundly, i was already up in my study totally dedicated the tough job of learning.
hard work is rewarding. when the college entrance examination came, i took it without hesitation. as a result, i distinguished myself in the test. now i am at college, majoring in my favorite subject, english.
i think luck is nowhere to be found but in my own hands. with hard work we can be more knowledgeable and with knowledge comes good luck.
study abroad
nowadays there appear a wave of bright, highly-motivated students who surge to developed counties to study.
it is commonly known that going abroad possess a lot of advantages. one advantage is that going abroad can widen our vision and adjust us to a different culture and environment. we can meet different people, hear different language spoken and enjoy different culture, which may help to broaden our scope of knowledge. another advantage is that students who study abroad can take advan­tage of this opportunity to gain a good command of language very quickly.
however, study abroad also has some disadvantages. for example, we often pay high transportation costs as well as high tuition and living expenses. when we first go abroad, we have trouble in knowing what to do and how to do. what’s more, we are surrounded by people who have such a different culture that we feel very lonely and sad. but i think the advantages of studying abroad outweigh the us cultivate perseverance. 
where to live—in the city or the country?
it is commonly believed that the city can bring about a lot of conveniences. for instance? the latest exhibitions, films, entertainment, health services are only a short bus ride away. you don’t have to travel miles to see your friends. they invariably live nearby and are always available for an informal chat or an evening’ s entertainment. in the city, shopping, especially, is always a pleasure.
similarly the country has its attractions. it has good environment. it is quieter, clearer and fresher.
however, both the city and the country have their disadvantages. generally speaking, the city^s environment is not good, the air is polluted, the streets are crowded and it is noisy. on the other hand, the country is short of the opportunity to get good education, various kinds of entertainment, and health services. it is inconvenient for people to travel, to buy things and to know more information.
to me, both the city and the country are attractive. if possible, it would be my best choice to work in the city and live in the country, for it is good for my work and my health.
competition and cooperation
competition is common in every field of life. for example, the olympic games is the most famous competition in the world. in the four-hundred meter swimming race, the swimmers plunge into the water at the signal. each swings his or her arms and legs and tries his or her best to be the first. also there is the competition for jobs, for promotion, for customers, and so on. we can say, in a certain sense, competition stimulates people’ s interest in work and helps society to go forward.
we often find that competition goes hand in hand with cooperation. competition and cooperation are compatible. imagine that if you want to win a football game» your team must exert all your efforts to compete with the other team while each member of your team is cooperation with the others. both are equally impor­tant.
while we advocate competition, we cannot forget cooperation. human beings are social beings. now one can exist alone in the society. if you want to play the game well, you have to play with others. you cannot play single-handed and win. you have to cooperate with your playmates, who may make the social ladder for you to climb to the top. from cooperation we get mutual help and understanding. with cooperation the world is progressing at peace and in harmony.
should one own a car?
car is very important nowadays in people’s life. in a large urban area, there are some good reasons for owning a car. a car allows a person to move around freely. it is comfortable to travel in a car, especially in bad weather. a driver is usually safe in a car at night instead of walking down a dark street or waiting on a dark corner.
there are, on the other hand, many good reasons against having a car. it may be very expensive and the price of fuel keeps rising each year. in addition, it is also expensive to maintain and repair a car and owning a car can cause tremen­dous worry and stress. sometimes you might be afraid that your car may be stolen. of course, it is an extremely exhausting experience to drive in heavy traf­fic.
in my opinion, it is better to own a car due to the fact that it is not only a convenient means of transportation but a symbol of modern life.
my views on examinations
in most schools and colleges the examination is regarded as a primary means of deciding whether a student succeeds or fails in mastering a particular subject. although it works quite efficiently, its side effects are also enormous.
the most undesirable effect is that examinations encourage bad study habits. as the examination score is the only criteria for his academic performance, a student is driven to memorize mechanically rather than to think creatively. exami­nations do not motivate a student to seek more knowledge, but to restrict his reading. moreover, examinations also lower the standards of teaching. since teachers themselves are often judged by examination results, they are likely to train their students in exam techniques. as a consequence, you know, no subjects can be taught successfully merely through being approached with intent to take examinations.
virtually, few of us admit that examinations can contribute anything really important to the students’ academic development. if that’s the case, why can’t we make a change and invent something more efficient and reliable than examina­tions?
joy and sorrow
in our life, joy and sorrow are like shadows that follow and accompany us. sometimes we are in joy. sometimes we are in sorrow. at times we cannot tell joy from sorrow.
what is joy? in the eternal nature, joy is a driving power, which pushes the world forward. a joyful person has a sound mind and lives a harmonious life. he takes part in beneficial activities and shares the joy with his partners in the cause. it can be said that the joyful person is satisfied from being kind to others.
sorrow is often self-sought. the desire for power adds to one’s sorrow. the desire for power goes parallel with the desire for fame. when the desire for power and fame is out of balance with reality, it becomes the root of sorrow.
besides, envy, revenge and vanity are also the source of sorrow. the three evils exist in man’s imagination. people suffer from them unconsciously. to be happy one must get rid of sorrow led by desire and imagination.