In 1863 President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation freeing all slaves in the United States. One hundred years after this decree was signed， however， the life of blacks was still "sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination." On August 28， 1963， a quarter of a million people of all races came to Washington， D. C. to show their support for freedom and justice for all Americans， and for black people in particular. At that demonstration Martin Luther King， Jr. delivered this famous speech， widely regarded as the most eloquent statement of the black people's dreams and aspirations ever made. Dr. King told the world， "I have a dream" that equality would come "to all of God's children." He said he wanted everyone to be able to "join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual， 'Free at last！ Free at last！…'"

    I Have a Dream by Martin Luther King， Jr.

    Five score years ago， a great American， in whose symbolic shadow we stand， signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro salves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of captivity.

    But one hundred years later， we must face the tragic fact that the Negro is still not free. One hundred tears later， the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later， the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later， the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. So we have come here today to dramatize an appalling condition.

    In a sense we have come to our nation's capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence， they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men would be guaranteed the inalienable rights of life， liberty， and the pursuit of happiness.

    It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation， America has given the Negro people a bad check； a check which has come back marked "insufficient funds." But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. So we have come to cash this check —— a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice. We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to make real the promises of Democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to open the doors of opportunity to all of God's children. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood.

    It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment and to underestimate the determination of the Negro. This sweltering summer of the Negro's legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. 1963 is not an end， but a beginning. There will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. The whirlwind of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges.

    And as we walk， we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead. We cannot turn back. There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights， "When will you be satisfied？" We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality. We can never be satisfied as long as our bodies， heavy with the fatigue of travel， cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their dignity by signs stating "For Whites Only，" We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negro's basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one. We can never be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote. No， no， we are not satisfied， and we will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream.

    I say to you today， my friends， that in spite of the difficulties and frustrations of the moment I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.

    I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed： "We hold these truths to be self-evident， that all men are created equal."

    I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slaveowners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.

    I have a dream that even the state of Mississippi， a desert state sweltering with the heat of injustice and oppression， will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.

    I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.

    I have a dream today.

    I have a dream that the state of Alabama will be transformed into a situation where little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls and walk together as sisters and brothers.

    I have a dream today.

    I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted， every hill and mountain shall be made low， the rough place will be made plain， and the crooked places will be made straight， and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed， and all flesh shall see it together.

    This is our hope. This is the faith with which I return to the South. With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together， to pray together， to struggle together， to go to jail together， to stand up for freedom together， knowing that we will be free one day.

    This will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing with new meaning：

   My country， tis of thee

    Sweet land of liberty

    Of thee I sing：

    Land where my fathers died，

    Land of the pilgrims' pride，

    From every mountainside

    Let freedom ring.

    And if America is to be a great nation this must become true. So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire！ Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania！

    Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado！

    Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California！

    But not only that； let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia！

    Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee.

    Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi. From every mountainside， let freedom ring.

    When we let freedom ring， when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet， from every state and every city， we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children， black men and white men， Jews and Gentiles， Protestants and Catholics， will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual， "Free at last！ Free at last！ Thank God Almighty， we are free at last！"

    NEW WORDS

    Jr. abbr. Junior， a term used with name of a son who has the same name as his father

    symbolic a.  of， having to do with， or using symbols 象征（性）的

    emancipation n.  the act or process of setting free from slavery

    proclamation n.  an official public announcement 宣言，声明

    proclaim vt. announce publicly

    momentous n.  very important or significant 重大的

    momentum n.  the force or speed of a moving object 动量

    decree n.  an official order； law 法令

    beacon n.  a light used to guide or warn  灯塔；灯标

    Negro n.  a person belonging to the black race

    sear vt. burn with a powerful heat 烧焦灼伤

    flame n.  a glowing mass of light given off by a burning substance  火焰

    wither v.  （cause to） dry up （使）枯萎

    joyous a.  full of joy； joyful

    daybreak n.  the time each morning when light first shows；

    captivity n.  the state of being in prison or held against one's will 监禁；束缚