2006年6月大学英语四级最新模拟试题含答案
Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)
Section A
Directions：In this section,you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A),B),C)and D),and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Example:
You will read: A) At the office. B) In the waiting room.
C) At the airport. D) In a restaurant.
From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This conversation is most likely to have taken place at the office. Therefore,A)“At the office” is the best answer. You should choose A) on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.
Sample Answer ［A］［B］［C］［D］
1. A) The fourth floor. B) The fifth floor. C) The sixth floor. D) The seventh floor.
2. A) John bought a cheap computer. B) John bought Morris a computer.
C) Morris bought a computer from John. D) Morris bought a new computer.
3. A) Recognize Jane first. B) Tell the woman why.
C) Go on a diet. D) Feel at ease.
4. A) The white one. B) The brick one.
C) The prettier one. D) The better one.
5. A) The summer this year is terribly hot. B) Last summer was even hotter.
C) Hot weather helps lose weight. D) Light was stronger this morning.
6. A) No one on the bus was injured.
B) Everyone on the bus was injured.
C) Only one student on the bus was injured.
D) More than one student on the bus was injured.
7. A) Drawing some money. B) Opening a deposit account.
C) Saving much money. D) Putting money in the bank.
8. A) They have too little patience. B) They are not strict with students.
C) They are very hard on students. D) They are more hardworking than before.
9. A) The woman is very worried. B) The man doesn’t like thinking.
C) The man has done something wrong. D) The woman can do nothing for the man.
10. A) Because the waist was a bit too tight.
B) Because there wasn’t any of her size.
C) Because she didn’t look good in the dress.
D) Because the style was not what she liked.
Section B Compound Dictation
注意：听力理解的B节（Section B）为复合式听写（Compound Dictation），题目在试卷二上。现在请取出试卷二。
A supermarket club card is a new way for people to save money on items they buy. People used to cut out coupons (赠券)to(S1) save money. Now they use a card that looks like a(S2)credit card when they pay for items. Only people with cards can get the(S3)lower price.
To get a card, people must give out their name, address, and other(S4)personal information. Everything club card-users buy is (S5)stored on a computer in a file with their name on it. In the coupon days, no one kept (S6)track of the things people bought. Now, computers allow huge(S7)amounts of information to be saved.
In order to save money with the cards, people could lose privacy. So far, the information, or data, is private. But that could change. There are many companies who might be interested in knowing what people buy. For instance, (S8)an insurance company might want to know if their clients buy healthy food, or if people buy a lot of medicine from the store.
A California Senator, Debra Bowen, wants to make sure there are laws to protect data kept on computers. She says,“(S9)The laws that govern privacy really haven’t caught up with technology. ”
Stores that use club cards have promised to keep the information private. (S10)Some people are afraid the stores might change their minds if companies offered enough money. Some people say the information is worth as much as treasure.
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(35 minutes)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
The predictability of our mortality rates is something that has long puzzled social scientists. After all, there is no natural reason why 2,500 people should accidentally shoot themselves each year or why 7,000 should drown or 55,000 die in their cars. No one establishes a quota for each type of death. It just happens that they follow a consistent pattern year after year.
A few years ago a Canadian psychologist named Gerald Wilde became interested in this phenomenon. He noticed that mortality rates for violent and accidental deaths throughout the Western world have remained oddly static throughout the whole of the century, despite all the technological advances and increases in safety standards that have happened in that time. Wilde developed an intriguing theory called “risk homeostasis”. According to this theory, people instinctively live with a certain level of risk. When something is made safer, people will get around the measure in some way to reassert the original level of danger. If, for instance, they are required to wear seat belts, they will feel safer and thus will drive a little faster and a little more recklessly, thereby statistically canceling out the benefits that the seat belt confers. Other studies have shown that where an intersection is made safer, the accident rate invariably falls there but rises to a compensating level elsewhere along the same stretch of road. It appears, then, that we have an innate need for danger.
In all events, it is becoming clearer and clearer to scientists that the factors influencing our lifespan are far more subtle and complex than had been previously thought. It now appears that if you wish to live a long life, it isn’t simply a matter of adhering to certain precautions … eating the right foods, not smoking, driving with care. You must also have the right attitude. Scientists at the Duke University Medical Center made a 15-year study of 500 persons personalities and found, somewhat to their surprise, that people with a suspicious or mistrustful nature die prematurely far more often than people with a sunny disposition. Looking on the bright side, it seems, can add years to your life span.
11. What social scientists have long felt puzzled about is why .
A) the mortality rate can not be predicted
B) the death toll remained stable year after year
C) a quota for each type of death has not come into being
D) people lost their lives every year for this or that reason
12. In his research, Gerald Wilde finds that technological advances and increases in safety standards .
A) have helped solve the problem of so high death rate
B) have oddly accounted for mortality rates in the past century
C) have reduced mortality rates for violent and accidental deaths
D) have achieved no effect in bringing down the number of deaths
13. According to the theory of “risk homeostasis”, some traffic accidents result from .
A) our innate desire for risk
B) our fast and reckless driving
C) our ignorance of seat belt benefits
D) our instinctive interest in speeding
14. By saying “…statistically canceling out the benefits that the seat belt confers” (Para. 2),the author means .
A) wearing seat belts does not have any benefits from the statistic point of view
B) deaths from wearing seat belts are the same as those from not wearing them
C) deaths from other reasons counterbalance the benefits of wearing seat belts
D) wearing seat belts does not necessarily reduce deaths from traffic accidents
15. Which of the following may contribute to a longer life span?
A) Showing adequate trust instead of suspicion of others
B) Eating the food low in fat and driving with great care
C) Cultivating an optimistic personality and never losing heart
D) Looking on the bright side and developing a balanced level of risk
Passage Two
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.
In California the regulators, the utilities and the governor all want the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to cap spot (现货的) market prices. The Californians claim it will rein in outrageous prices. Federal regulators have refused. The battle is on.
Governor Gray Davis says,“I’m not happy with the Federal Regulatory Commission at all. They’re living in an ivory tower. If their bills were going up like the people in San Diego, they would know that this is a real problem in the real world.”
As part of deregulation, price caps were removed to allow for a free market. Timing is everything; natural gas prices had already skyrocketed. Demand was high from California’s booming economy. No new power plants had been built here in ten years, and power producers had the right to hike prices along with demand. And hike them they did.
Loretta Lynch of the Public Utilities Commission says,” This commission and all of California was beating down the door of federal regulators to say‘help us impose reasonable price caps to help to keep our market stable.”
Federal regulators did ask for longer-term contracts between power producers and the utilities to stabilize prices. The federal commission, unavailable for comment on this story, released a recent statement defending its position not to re-regulate.
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Dec. 15,2000: “The commissions intention is to enable the markets to catch up to current supply and demand problems and not to reintroduce command and control regulation that has helped to produce the current crisis.”
Some energy experts believe that, without temporary price caps, the crisis will continue.
Severin Borenstein of the U.C. Energy Institute says,“Some federal regulators have a blind commitment to making the market work and I think part of the problem is they really dont understand whats going on.”
Gary Ackerman of the Western Power Trading Forum says,“He’s dead wrong about that. The federal regulators understand far better than any individual state that, though it might be painful and it certainly is painful in California, price caps don’t work. They never work.”
16. The battle between Californians and federal regulators is about .
A) control over the price of power
B) necessity of removing price caps
C) hiking the energy prices in California
D) a regulation concerning power supply
17. Governor Gray Davis was dissatisfied with the Federal Regulatory Commission because .
A) they did not know what the real problem was
B) they were living an easy life in an ivory tower
C) they could not experience the life in San Diego
D) they turned a blind eye to the situation in California
18. The Federal Commission uncapped the energy price with the intention to .
A) help California’s economy booming steadily
B) prevent power price from going up any further
C) enable the market to deal with supply and demand problems
D) have contracts signed between power producers and the utilities
19. To help keep prices from going higher, people and groups in California .
A) imposed reasonable price caps
B) beat down the door of federal regulators
C) urged the federal authorities to take action
D) struggled against federal policy to hike prices
20. Energy experts against price caps believe that .
A) the present situation in California will continue unless there is price control
B) the current crisis is partly attributed to previous command and control policy
C) price caps can temporarily solve energy problems an individual state meets with
D) they do understand what is going on in California and will take proper measures
Passage Three
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
Another cultural aspect of nonverbal communication is one that you might not think about: space. Every person perceives himself to have a sort of invisible shield surrounding his physical body. When someone comes too close, he feels uncomfortable. When he bumps onto someone, he feels obligated to apologize. But the size of a person’s “comfort zone” depends on his cultural ethnic origin. For example, in casual conversation, many Americans stand about four feet apart. In other words, they like to keep each other “at arms length”,people in Latin or Arab cultures, in contrast, stand very close to each other, and touch each other often. If someone from one of those cultures stands too close to an American while in conversation, the American may feel uncomfortable and back away.
When Americans are talking, they expect others to respond to what they are saying. To Americans, polite conversationalists empathize by displaying expressions of excitement or disgust, shock or sadness. People with a “poker face”, whose emotions are hidden by a deadpan expression, are looked upon with suspicion. Americans also indicate their attentiveness in a conversation by raising their eyebrows, nodding, smiling politely and maintaining good eye contact. Whereas some cultures view direct eye contact as impolite or threatening, Americans see it as a sign of genuineness and honesty. If a person doesn’t look you in the eye, American might say, you should question his motives—or assume that he doesn’t like you. Yet with all the concern for eye contact, Americans still consider staring—especially at strangers—to be rude.
21. What the author discussed in the previous section is most probably about .
A) classification of nonverbal communication
B) the reasons why people should think about space
C) the relationship between communication and space
D) some other cultural aspects of nonverbal communication
22. How far people keep to each other while talking is closely associated with their .
A) origin B) culture C) custom D) nationality
23. When an Italian talks to an Arabian on informal occasions,.
A) he stands about four feet away
B) “comfort zone” does not exist
C) keeping close enough is preferred
D) communication barriers may emerge
24. A “poker face” (Line 3,Para. 2) refers to a face which is .
A) attentive B) emotional C) suspicious D) expressionless
25. In a conversation between friends, Americans regard it as sincere and truthful to .
A) maintain direct eye contact
B) hide emotions with a deadpan expression
C) display excitement or disgust, shock or sadness
D) raise their eyebrows,nod and smile politely
Passage Four
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
We all know that DNA has the ability to identify individuals but, because it is inherited, there are also regions of the DNA strand which can relate an individual to his or her family (immediate and extended), tribal group and even an entire population. Molecular Genealogy (宗谱学) can use this unique identification provided by the genetic markers to link people together into family trees. Pedigrees (家谱) based on such genetic markers can mean a breakthrough for family trees where information is incomplete or missing due to adoption, illegitimacy or lack of records. There are many communities and populations which have lost precious records due to tragic events such as the fire in the Irish courts during Civil War in 1921 or American slaves for whom many records were never kept in the first place.
The main objective of the Molecular Genealogy Research Group is to build a database containing over 100,000 DNA samples from individuals all over the world. These individuals will have provided a pedigree chart of at least four generations and a small blood sample. Once the database has enough samples to represent the world genetic make-up, it will eventually help in solving many issues regarding genealogies that could not be done by relying only on traditional written records. Theoretically, any individual will someday be able to trace his or her family origins through this database.
In the meantime, as the database is being created, molecular genealogy can already verify possible or suspected relationships between individuals. “For example, if two men sharing the same last name believe that they are related, but no written record proves this relationship, we can verify this possibility by collecting a sample of DNA from both and looking for common markers (in this case we can look primarily at the Y chromosome (染色体)),” explains Ugo A. Perego, a member of the BYU Molecular Genealogy research team.
26. People in a large area may possess the same DNA thread because .
A) DNA is characteristic of a region
B) they are beyond doubt of common ancestry
C) DNA strand has the ability to identify individuals
D) their unique identification can be provided via DNA
27. The possible research of family trees is based on the fact that .
A) genetics has achieved a breakthrough
B) genetic information contained in DNA can be revealed now
C) each individual carries a unique record of who he is and how he is related to others
D) we can use DNA to prove how distant an individual is to a family, a group or a population
28. The Molecular Genealogy Research Group is building a database for the purpose of .
A) offering assistance in working out genealogy-related problems
B) solving many issues without relying on traditional written records
C) providing a pedigree chart of at least four generations in the world
D) confirming the assumption that all individuals are of the same origin
29. If two men suspected for some reason they have a common ancestor, .
A) we can decide according to their family tree
B) we can find the truth from their genetic markers
C) we can compare the differences in their Y chromosome
D) we can look for written records to prove their relationship
30. Which of the following CANNOT be inferred from the passage?
A) We are a walking,living,breathing record of our ancestors
B) Many American slaves did not know who their ancestors were.
C) An adopted child generally lacks enough information to prove his identity.
D) Molecular genealogy can be used to prove a relationship between individuals.
Part ⅢVocabulary(20 minutes)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
31. WTO is regarded by some countries as an access to foreign markets rather than as a for opening up the home market.
A) commerce B) committee C) commitment D) commission
32. We should recognize that every company and every person is part of a long of customers and suppliers.
A) pool B) line C) stream D) chain
33. Today the small town is better against flood than it was 20 years ago.
A) protected B) prevented C) preserved D) prepared
34. Did you mean I should keep the receipt? Im afraid I have .
A) run it over B) torn it up C) taken it apart D) shaken it off
35. Unlike photocopies of books, the digital copies are virtually in quality to the original.
A) similar B) identical C) resembling D) alike
36. The price of fresh vegetables according to the weather.
A) fluctuates B) increases C) soars D) maintains
37. Your proposal looks good ,but I am not convinced it can be put into effect.
A) on paper B) at sight C) under cover D) in bulk
38. The government that refuses to meet the needs of its people must bear the .
A) results B) outcomes C) effects D) consequences
39. The elderly people in this country are entitled to a special heating allowance from the government when they pass the age of sixty.
A) claim B) declare C) inquire D) apply
40. The snow has been steadily for hours and the ground is completely covered.
A) showering B) dropping C) descending D) falling
41. The hostess went to great to make the child comfortable and feel at home.
A) efforts B) lengths C) heights D) details
42. You said the post office is on this block, can you be a bit more ?
A) particular B) specific C) abstract D) especial
43. His composition was so confusing that I could hardly make any of it whatsoever.
A) meaning B) message C) information D) sense
44. I am afraid that you have to alter your views in light of the tragic news that has just arrived.
A) optimistic B) distressing C) indifferent D) pessimistic
45. As the saying goes, reading without reflecting is like eating without .
A) chewing B) tasting C) digesting D) releasing
46. All of us did quite a good job but the teacher only him out for praise.
A) yelled B) singled C) selected D) pulled
47. Without a sure supply of water, farming in that area remains at the of the weather.
A) disposal B) risk C) cost D) mercy
48. Industrial communities should be close enough to crowded centers but enough to reduce potential dangers.
A) advanced B) reliable C) distant D) sophisticated
49. She had a guilty about not telling the police what had actually happened.
A) consciousness B) conscience C) consequence D) confusion
50. There is a beautiful of pine forest near my country house.
A) extension B) length C) spell D) stretch
51. We’ve all our time and effort in this plan, and we don’t want it to fail.
A) invested B) exhausted C) devoted D) assigned
52. The workers demands were，they only asked for a small raise in their wages.
A) general B) moderate C) partial D) numerous
53. You should know to spend all your money on those impractical fancy goods.
A) other than B) rather than C) more than D) better than
54. Everybody seemed to have known about his scandal, only his wife was kept in the .
A) dark B) ignorance C) shade D) shadow
55. All students in the class a loud laugh when the professor told them a joke.
A) let up B) let down C) let off D) let out
56. It can be safely that there is no living beings on that planet.
A) resumed B) assessed C) assumed D) assured
57. There are certain when you have to interrupt people who are in the middle of doing something.
A) chances B) situations C) occasions D) opportunities
58. Mother into the room and kissed her sleeping baby.
A) crept B) staggered C) rushed D) marched
59. The building started with a steel which was later filled in with bricks and concrete.
A) institution B) terminal C) sightseeing D) framework
60. This book does not have an structure. Some parts are even contradictory .
A) integrated B) informed C) intensive D) inward
Part ⅣCloze(15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D)on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer sheet with a single line through the centre.
A food bank is the center of food collection and distribution in a community. This food usually 61 from grocery stores or manufacturers that have thousands of pounds of food to give 62 . Food banks operate intricate and advanced warehousing operations, 63 food is collected, 64 and re-distributed to the community. Traditionally, a food bank does not distribute food 65 to those in 66 . 67 ,food banks serve an 68 network of organizations in their 69 communities. These organizations serve one part of the 70 and know the needs of the people there. 71 ,working together, the food bank and the community organization can serve a greater 72 of people in the most efficient way.
Many food banks provide 73 services. They 74 from after school feeding programs, 75 Kids Cafe,to community agriculture projects.
In the aftermath (其后的一段时期) of welfare reform, food banks throughout the country are raising private 76 to operate innovative programs and to 77 those who are hungry. Every food bank strives to be a hunger advocate,producing 78 studies and tracking statistics, while lending their hands-on expertise to get legislation passed and ensuring that the 79 of domestic hunger is not lost in the shadow of an “ 80 boom”.
61. A) results B) collects C) comes D) gathers
62. A) away B) out C) over D) off
63. A) which B) where C) what D) how
64. A) accepted B) offered C) processed D) sorted
65. A) instantly B) directly C) voluntarily D) readily
66. A) need B) haste C) debt D) order
67. A) However B) Otherwise C) Instead D) Certainly
68. A) abnormal B) optional C) imaginary D) extensive
69. A) individual B) respective C) special D) widespread
70. A) organization B) bank C) operation D) community
71. A) Therefore B) Nevertheless C) Still D) Conversely
72. A) amount B) deal C) number D) quantity
73. A) regular B) other C) daily D) depositing
74. A) change B) alter C) differ D) range
75. A) including B) providing C) managing D) distributing
76. A) demands B) properties C) funds D) plans
77. A) shelter B) feed C) clothe D) finance
78. A) poverty B) welfare C) hunger D) food
79. A) issue B) policy C) reform D) project
80. A) economical B) economics C) economy D) economic
Part ⅤWriting(30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write A Letter Applying for a Bank Loan. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese.
1． 你的基本情况
2． 你申请贷款的原因、数额及用途
3． 你如何保证专款专用以及你的还款打算
Part ⅠListening Comprehension
1. B2. A3. C4. B5. A6. B7. D8. B9. C10. D
S1-S10见NOTES中听力原文
Part ⅡReading Comprehension
11. B12. D13. A14. C15. C16. A17. D18. C19. C20. B
21. D22. B23. C24. D25. A26. B27. C28. A29. B30. C
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary
31. C32. D33. A34. B35. B36. A37. A38. D39. A40. D
41. B42. B43. D44. A45. C46. B47. D48. C49. B50. D
51. A52. B53. D54. A55. D56. C57. C58. A59. D60. A
Part Ⅳ Cloze
61. C62. A63. B64. D65. B66. A67. C68. D69. B70. D
71. A72. C73. B74. D75. A76. C77. B78. C79. A80. D
2006年6月英语四级最新模拟试题答案详细讲解
Part ⅠTapescript of Listening Comprehension
Section A
1. M: Excuse me, could you tell me where Dr. Brown’s office is?
W: The doctor’s office is on the fifth floor, but the elevator can only go to the fourth. So you’ll have to use the stairs to reach there. It’s the seventh room on the left.
Q: On which floor is the doctor’s office?
2. M: Did you hear about the computer that John bought from Morris?
W: He got a bargain（便宜货）,didn’t he?
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
3. W: Your sister Jane didn’t recognize me at first.
M: I’m not surprised. Why on earth don’t you lose some weight?
Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?
4. M: Between the two houses we saw yesterday, which one do you prefer?
W: I think the white one is prettier, but the brick one has a bigger yard, so I like it better.
Q: Which house does the woman prefer?
5. M: It sure is hot today. This must be the hottest summer in years.
W: Well, it’s certainly hotter than last summer. I was out in the sun today, and I think I’m five pounds lighter than I was this morning.
Q: What does the woman mean?
6. M: I heard the student bus was overturned（翻倒）in a traffic accident.
W: Yes, and what’s more, no one on the bus was not injured.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
7. W: Hello, Robert. What are you doing here? Drawing money?
M: No. I only want to put some money in my deposit account（储蓄账户）. Not very much, but I’m trying to save.
Q: What is the man doing?
8. M: Oh, no, I am not lazy. You should have seen my school report! They said I was reliable, industrious and conscientious.
W: Well, teachers nowadays expect too little.
Q: What does the woman think of teachers nowadays?
9. W: Don’t worry about it, Stanley. There’s nothing we can do now.
M: I can’t help it, Stella. If I’d been thinking, this wouldn’t have happened.
Q: What can we learn from the conversation?
10. M: You look very nice in this dress. Perhaps the waist is little too tight. Would you like to try a size larger?
W: Well, the style isn’t quite what I had in mind. Thank you anyway.
Q: Why didn’t the woman buy the dress?
Part ⅡReading Comprehension
Passage One
这是一篇人文类说明文。
第一段中作者提出长期困扰社会科学家的问题，即死亡率遵循一种一成不变的模式。在第二段中作者引用加拿大心理学家Gerald Wilde的risk homeostasis（体内风险平衡）理论分析了原因，并以交通事故为例，指出如果驾驶时系了安全带，这方面原因导致的车祸会降低，但另一方面驾车人因为感到安全可能会开快车，开鲁莽车，从而发生死亡事故。第三段讨论了影响寿命的因素，文中提到，保持长寿，不仅要注意饮食、不抽烟、谨慎驾驶，更要有乐观的生活态度。
11. B) 语义理解题 问的是长期困扰社会科学家的问题是什么，本题依据是第一段最后一句“It just happens that they follow a consistent pattern year after year”，与选项B)“死亡人数年复一年保持稳定”相吻合。
12. D) 细节推论题 本题题干出现在第二段第二句，意思说：虽然有技术进步和安全标准的提高，西方世界的暴力和意外死亡率在整个世纪中保持着奇怪的恒定（static），由此判断，技术进步和安全标准的提高并未降低各种原因的死亡人数，D项正确。
13. A) 细节理解题 问题是“根据体内风险平衡理论，某些交通事故是由于什么原因”，A)“我们天生的冒险欲望”；B)“开快车，开鲁莽车”；C)“无视安全带的好处”；D)“对超速行驶的本能兴趣”。在第二段靠后，作者先列举交通事故例子，然后在最后一句得出结论：It appears, then, that we have an innate need for danger. 符合A项意思。
14. C) 句意理解题 本句大体意思是：从数字统计的角度说，（开快车开鲁莽车导致的死亡人数的增加）抵消了系保险带（引起的死亡人数减少）的好处。cancel out解释为“抵消，对消”。所以C项“因为其他原因引起的死亡对消了系保险带的好处”符合题意。A和D都包含系保险带没有好处，不对，系保险带有benefits，会降低这方面原因导致的死亡事故。B)“系安全带与不系安全带的死亡人数一样”，无此意。
15. C) 语义理解题 问什么有助于长寿，依据最后一段。A)“对别人信任不要怀疑”，不对，倒数第二句是说疑惑心重的人比乐观豁达的人早逝；B项不对，文中说“eating the right foods”，并不等于低脂食物；C项正确，“an optimistic personality and never losing heart”都是“a sunny disposition”的特征；D项后半部分不对。
Passage Two
这是一篇新闻报道类议论文。
文章报道了美国加州就是否对能源价格进行控制这一问题进行的辩论，一方面，加州管理者、公用事业公司和州长都强烈要求对加州的能源价格实施限制，另一方面，联邦能源管理委员会坚决反对，认为以前取消价格限制的目的是为了让市场来调节供求，不会再人为干预价格（not to re-regulate）。文中许多地方采用直接引语，反映各自观点。
16. A) 细节理解题 题目是“加州人和联邦管理者之间的斗争是关于什么”，依据第一段，加州人要求“to cap spot market prices(控制现货市场价格)”，但联邦管理者拒绝了，A项正确；B)“取消价格控制的必要性”；C)“提高加州的能源价格”；D)“对电力供应的调节”，均与第一段不符。
17. D) 语义理解题 题干中的“dissatisfied with”与第二段中的“not happy with”是一致的，第二段字面理解为“他们生活在象牙塔中，如果他们的支付账单像圣第亚哥的人那样不断增加，他们就会理解这确实是个问题”，Gray Davis州长并非真的说联邦管理者生活优越或者不了解加州的问题（文章最后一段提及他们知道情况），而是说他们对加州的问题熟视无睹，不愿采取措施。
18. C) 细节理解题 本题题干对应第三段第一句，以前取消价格控制的目的是“to allow for a free market”，“free market”的含义在第六段进一步阐述为“to enable the markets to catch up to current supply and demand problems(让市场来解决目前的供求问题)”，所以答案为C。
19. C) 细节判断题 题干“为了有助于抑制价格的进一步上涨，加州的个人和团体干什么”，从全文特别是第一段可以判断，他们敦促联邦当局采取措施，C项正确。A)“实施合理的价格控制”，是要求政府做而不是他们自己做，不对；B)“敲打联邦管理者的门”，文中是比喻说法，并非真的敲门；D)“与政府提高价格的政策进行斗争”，与文章不符。
20. B) 观点判断题 问的是反对价格控制的专家们的观点。A)“除非有价格控制，否则加州目前的局面将会继续”，这是赞成价格控制者的观点，不对；B)“目前的危机部分归咎于以前指令控制政策”，正确，依据是第六段“command and control regulation that has helped to produce the current crisis”；C)“价格控制只能暂时解决一个州的能源问题”，不对，文章在最后一段最后一句说“They never work”；D项中后半句“将采取措施”，与原文不符。
Passage Three
这是一篇关于非言语交际的说明文。
本文在第一段谈及非言语交际的另外一种因素，即距离。文章提到，美国人在非正式场合交流时，一般保持“臂长的距离”，拉丁或阿拉伯文化背景的人则靠得较近，甚至常常互相触摸。第二段讨论了言语交际时表情的使用，美国人把“保持眼神接触”看作是“真诚和诚实”的表示，但同时指出盯着陌生人看被认为是粗鲁的。
21.D) 推论题 题目的意思是：在先前的章节中作者最有可能讨论了什么。依据文章的第一句选择答案：“非言语交际的另外一个文化方面是你可能想不到的：交际距离”，既然是另外一个文化方面（another cultural aspect），说明在前面章节中讨论了其他的文化方面，所以本题答案是D。
22. B) 细节理解题 问的是“人们谈话时彼此保持的距离与什么密切相关”，参看第一段第五句“But the size of a person’s ‘comfort zone’ depends on his cultural ethnic origin.（一个人“舒服距离”的大小取决于他的来自什么民族文化）”，“cultural ethnic origin”连在一起理解为来自什么民族文化，而不是指A)“出生；起源”；C)“习俗”；D)“国籍”。
23. C) 细节推断题 题目要求判断意大利人与阿拉伯人在非正式交流时的情况。第一段倒数第二句提到“拉丁或阿拉伯文化背景的人靠得非常近，甚至常常互相触摸”。意大利属于拉丁文化，所以C)“喜欢保持较近的距离”符合句意。
24. D) 词汇理解题 a “poker face”后的定语从句“whose emotions are hidden by a deadpan expression（其情感被没有表情所掩盖）”，但deadpan可能是生词，那就退回去看上一句：美国人为了表示强调会显示出各种表情，本句应该理解为“那么什么样的人会招致怀疑”，应该是没有表情，答案为D项。
25. A) 细节理解题 第二段提到“Whereas some cultures view direct eye contact as impolite or threatening,Americans see it as a sign of genuineness and honesty”,“genuineness and honesty”与题干中的“sincere and truthful”是同义，答案是A。
Passage Four
这是一篇科普类说明文。
文章提到，DNA可以用来识别个人身份。宗谱学利用遗传标记所提供的独有识别特征将人连成家族树。对于家族信息缺失的人来说，通过研究他们的遗传标记，可以使他们的家谱研究取得突破。宗谱学研究小组（the Molecular Genealogy Research Group）建立一个由10万基因样本组成的数据库，其最终目的是帮助解决仅靠传统文字资料不能完全解决的有关宗谱的问题。
26.B) 单句理解推断题 题干的意思是对第一句中“there are also regions of the DNA strand（也有一些区域具有同样的DNA线索）”的改写，原因就是前面提到的“because it is inherited（DNA具有遗传性）”，既然是遗传，那么可以推断出具有同样DNA特征的人必定有同样的祖先。比较四个选项，B符合这样的意思。
27. C) 语义理解推断题 基于第一段第二、三句，我们知道遗传标记提供独有的识别特征（unique identification）把人们连接在一起，形成家族树。换句话说，能对家族树进行研究，是因为遗传标记的独有特征可以用来判断一个人的基因身份以及与他人之间的关系，C项正确。A)“遗传学取得突破”和B)“包含在DNA中的基因信息现在可以揭示出来”没有回答进行家族树研究依据什么基础这样的问题；而D项强调“用DNA证明有多远（how distant）”与文章相孛。
28. A) 细节理解题 题干问的是建数据库的目的，对照第二段中“help in solving many issues regarding genealogies that could not be done by relying only…(有助于解决仅靠…不能解决的宗谱有关的许多问题)”。四个选项：A)“解决宗谱有关的问题时提供帮助”，正确；B)“无须依赖传统文字资料解决许多问题”；C)“提供代表世界基因构成的家谱树”；D)“获得10万份世界各地个人DNA样本”均不正确。
29. B) 细节推断题 题干的表述相当于第三段第二句的“if two men sharing the same last name believe that they are related”，做题依据是本句的后半句“we can verify this possibility by collecting a sample of DNA from both and looking for common markers(通过采集两个人的DNA样本寻找共同的遗传标记来确定这种可能性)”，B项符合。C)“比较他们Y染色体的不同”，并非要强调不同，错误。
30. C) 篇章推断题 A)“我们的方方面面记录着我们的祖先”，可以推断，因为DNA具有遗传特性；B)“许多美国黑奴不知道他们的祖先”，正确，依据是第一段最后一句；C)“收养的孩子或者孤儿与他们的家族树没有关系”，不正确，因为他们与家族树的关系是基因特征而不是其他因素决定的；D)“宗谱学能用来证明人与人之间的关系”，识别和证明人的身份关系是宗谱学的目的，正确。
Part ⅢVocabulary
31. C) 考点 形似名词辨异。commitment“承诺，许诺；承担的责任或义务”与前面的access“进入…的权利”形成对应。carry out one’s campaign commitments履行自己的竞选诺言；Come and have a look round our shop without commitment to buying anything. 来我们商店看看，不必非买东西不可。commerce（1）“商业，贸易”；（2）“交流，交往”；committee“委员会”；commission（1）“授权，委托”：go beyond one’s commission越权；（2）“（处理专门事务的）委员会”：the Military Commission of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party中共中央军事委员会。 【译文】有些国家把加入世贸组织看作是进军国外市场的权利，而不是开放本国市场的义务。
32. D) 考点 单位名词辨异。chain“链条；一系列”：fasten an iron chain锁上铁链；After a long chain of contacts,they finally found out the truth. 经过多次联系，他们终于查明真相。本题是说顾客与商品提供者之间是一种链条关系，D项正确。pool“水坑，水塘；（液体等的）一滩，一片”：a pool of paint一滩漆；line（1）“行，排，列”：form a line列队排成一行；（2）“（货物的）种类”：a new line of winter coats一种新款冬令上装；stream“一连串”：The music evoked a stream of associated ideas. 音乐唤起了一连串的联想。
【译文】我们应该认识到每个公司和每个个人都是顾客和供应者漫长链条的一部分。
33. A) 考点 形似动词辨异。A)protect“保护，防护（后接against或from）”：protect oneself against danger保护自己免遭危险；protect one’s eyes from the burning sun保护眼睛免受烈日的伤害；B)prevent“阻止，防止”：Vitamin C is supposed to prevent colds. 维生素C可以预防感冒；C)preserve“保存，维护”：preserve an old house保存一幢老房子；It’s the duty of the police to preserve public order. 维持治安是警察的职责。D)prepare“准备”。
【译文】如今这座小镇较之20年以前得到了更好的保护。
34. B) 考点 动词短语辨析。根据句意，“撕毁”符合逻辑。tear up（1）“撕毁，撕成碎片”；（2）“拔起，拉起”：The wind tore up several trees. 大风拔起了几棵树。run over（1）“在…上驶过”：The car ran over some glass. 汽车在一些玻璃上驶过。（2）“溢出”：The milk(cup)ran over. 牛奶（杯子）满得溢出来了。（3）“把…粗略地看（或读、检查）一遍”：The teacher ran over the notes before the lecture. 老师在讲课前匆匆把笔记看了一遍。take apart“拆开”；shake off（1）“抖落”：shake the snow off one’s coat把衣服上的雪花抖掉；（2）“摆脱”：shake off a shadow甩掉尾巴。
【译文】你是说我应该保存发票？恐怕我已经撕掉了。
35.B) 考点 近义形容词辨析。本句比较影印件与数字复制品，根据常识选B。identical“同一的，（完全）相同的（后接to或with）”：The copy is identical with the original. 复制品与原件一模一样。similar“相像的，类似的”：Gold is similar in color to brass. 金子的颜色和铜相像。resembling“类似的，相似的”，现在分词式形容词；alike“相同的，相像的”，主要用作补语：They are somewhat alike in their beliefs. 他们的信仰有些相似。
【译文】与影印件不同，书籍的数字复制品几乎与原件一模一样。
36. A) 考点 动词辨析。本题指物价有涨有落，选A。fluctuate（1）“波动，涨落，起伏”：With prices fluctuating so much,it’s hard to plan a budget. 物价波动这么大，难以制定预算计划。（2）“动摇不定”：fluctuate between staying or leaving拿不定主意是留下还是离开；increase（增加，增长）；soar（1）“高飞，翱翔”：The eagles soared high above the valleys. 鹰在山谷上空翱翔。（2）“升高，猛增”：The prices seemed soaring up without limit. 物价似乎在无限制地飞涨。maintain（1）“维持，保持；维修，保养”；（2）“坚持，主张”：maintain one’s principle坚持自己的原则；（3）“供养，抚养”：maintain a daughter through college抚养女儿读完大学。
【译文】新鲜蔬菜的价格随着天气的变化而变化。
37. A) 考点 介词词组辨析。注意后半句中的put into effect“付诸实施”，前后形成对照，所以选on paper“在理论上；据书面材料”：On paper he is the better of the two. 从书面材料看，两人中他比较好。at sight（1）“看得见，被看到”：There was not a soul in sight. 一个人影也看不见。（2）“在望，临近”：Peace was in sight after five years of war. 经过5年战争，和平终于在望了。under cover“秘密的（或地），暗地里（或地）”；in bulk“散装；大批，大量”：sell in bulk整批出售。
【译文】你的建议理论上看起来很好，但我不相信它能付诸实施。
38. D) 考点 近义名词辨析。均解释为“结果”，result最普通，指由于某行为而发生的事情或结果；outcome强调事情的最终结局：The outcome of the match disappointed me. 比赛的结果令我失望。effect侧重“效果”，指某种行为产生的效应，后接on+名词：harmful effects of TV violence on kids电视暴力节目对儿童的有害影响；consequence指某种特定条件或原因产生的后果，通常指不好的结果，bear the consequence“承担后果”也是搭配。
【译文】拒绝满足人民要求的政府必定自食其果。
39. A) 考点 动词辨析。A)claim（1）“认领，索取，（根据权利）要求”：claim compensation for losses要求赔偿损失；claim a debt讨债；（2）“声称拥有，断言”：A caller to the TV station claimed responsibility for the bombing. 有人打电话给电视台，声称爆炸是他干的。B)declare（1）“宣布，宣告；声称”：declare a state of emergency宣布紧急状态；He declared his total opposition to the plan. 他声明完全反对这项计划。（2）“申报（纳税等）”：He did not declare the wine. 他没有把酒申报纳税。C)inquire“询问，查问”；D)apply“申请”，用于apply to…for sth. 。
【译文】这个国家的老人过了60岁后有权申领特别取暖补助。
40. D) 考点 近义动词辨析。A)shower“下阵雨，喷淋；阵雨般落下或来到”：They were showered with invitations. 他们收到了大量的请贴。B)drop（1）“落下，滴下，投下”：She dropped her glasses and broke them. 她把眼镜掉在地上，打碎了。Sweat dropped from his brow. 汗水从他的眉头滴下。（2）“降低（音量等）”：drop the speed放慢车速；C)descend“（从高处的）下来；降临”；D)fall（1）“（雨、雪的）降落；（2）（地位、声誉等的）降低；（3）（政府、政权的）垮台”。
【译文】雪已持续下了几个小时，地面全是积雪。
41. B) 考点 词语搭配。go to great lengths(to do sth)“（为达目的）不遗余力，无所顾忌”。与length搭配的其他常见词组：at full length全身伸展地；极为详细地；at great length长久地；详尽地；at length详细地；最终，终于。与detail搭配的常见词组：for further details欲知更详细情况（请参看）；go into detail(s)详细叙述，逐一说明；in detail详细地。
【译文】女主人想尽办法让这个孩子自在不拘束。
42. B) 考点 形容词辨析。前半句说地点比较笼统，后半句要求更具体一些。specific（1）“具体的，明确的”：have a specific aim有明确的目标；（2）“特有的，独特的”：Feathers are a feature specific to birds. 羽毛是鸟类独有的特征。particular“特殊的，特定的；挑剔的”：particular about one’s food对食物挑剔；abstract“抽象的”；especial“特别的，特殊的”：a question of especial importance特别重要的问题。
【译文】你说邮局在这个街区，能不能再具体一点？
43. D) 考点 词语搭配。make sense of“理解，弄懂…的意思”：Children need to make sense of the world. 儿童需要认识世界。与sense搭配其他常见词组：make sense讲得通，有意义；in a sense从某种意义上说；out of senses失去理智；与message搭配常见词组：get the message领会，明白。
【译文】他的作文思路混乱，我简直看不懂。
44. A) 考点 形容词辨析。本句注意前后意思，后面提到了坏消息，前面应该是改变乐观看法。A)optimistic“乐观的（后接about或over）”：be optimistic about one’s chances of success对成功的可能性持乐观态度；B)distressing“使人痛苦的，令人苦恼的”；C)indifferent（1）“不感兴趣的，冷淡的”；（2）“无关紧要的，一般的”：The actress gave an indifferent performance. 那位女演员的表演一般。D)pessimistic“悲观的”。
【译文】鉴于刚刚传来的坏消息，恐怕你得改变你的乐观看法了。
45. C) 考试 动名词辨析与逻辑照应。前半句的阅读与思考对应后半句的吃饭与消化，符合逻辑。digest“消化（食物）；领悟”：This food digests ill(well). 这种食物不易（容易）消化；digest new ideas吸收新思想；chew（1）“咀嚼，咬”；（2）“深思，考虑”：chew over a problem考虑一个问题；taste“尝，品尝”；release“释放；排放；解除”。
【译文】俗话说，阅读不思考好比吃饭不消化。
46. B) 考试 动词搭配。single out“选出，挑选”，类似pick out或select（后面不用out）：Two other people were singled out for special praise. 另外两人被挑出来给予特别表扬。pull out（1）“拉出，（使）退出”；（2）“（火车从车站）开出”；（3）“（使）摆脱困境”：pull sb. out of danger使某人摆脱危险。
【译文】我们大家做得都很好，可老师只把他挑出来表扬。
47. D) 考试 名词辨析与搭配。at the mercy of任凭…的摆布，完全受…的支配；at(或in)sb’s disposal任某人处理，供某人使用：I had no time at my own disposal. 我没有一点自由支配时间。at the risk of冒…的风险；at the cost of以…为代价。
【译文】没有稳定的水源供应，那个地区的农业依然靠天吃饭。
48. C) 考点 形容词辨析与逻辑照应。本句中使用but前后对照，后面的词应该是close相对的意思，C项distant“远离的”正确。advanced“超前的，高级的”；reliable“可靠的”；sophisticated“老于世故的；精通的；尖端的”。
【译文】工业区应该离人口稠密的市中心足够近，但也要足够远以降低潜在的危险。
49. B) 考点 形似名词辨析与搭配。a guilty(或bad)conscience内疚；其他相关词组：have sth. on one’s conscience为某事而内疚；in(all)conscience凭良心；的确，当然；consciousness“知觉，意识”；consequence“后果”；confusion“混淆，混乱”。
【译文】她为没有把实情告诉警察而感到内疚。
50. D) 考点 近义名词辨析。D项正确，stretch（1）“（连绵的）一片”：a stretch of desert一片沙漠；（2）“舒展，伸展”：make a stretch of an arm伸长手臂；extension（1）“延长，延伸”；（2）“（房屋的）扩建部分”：They have built an extension to the hospital to provide more beds. 他们扩建医院以增加床位。（3）“电话分机”；length“长度；一段时间”：add much length of life to大大延长…的寿命；spell“一段时间；（疾病等的）一次发作”：a dizzy spell一阵眩晕。
【译文】靠近我乡间住所有一大片漂亮的松林。
51.A) 考点 动词辨析与搭配。A)invest“投入（时间、金钱、精力等，后接介词in）”：invest one’s time in community service把时间花在社区服务上；B)exhaust“用完，花光，耗尽”：The civil war exhausted that country. 内战使那个国家民穷财尽。C)devote“把…奉献给（后接介词to）”：devote oneself to the good of the people献身于人民的利益；D)assign“把…分配给（后接介词to）”。
【译文】我们把所有时间和精力都投入到这个计划，我们不希望它失败。
52. B) 考点 形容词辨析与逻辑照应。后半句说只要求少量增加工资，所以选B)moderate“不过分的，适度的；（费用、价格）公道的”：The hotel is moderate in its charges. 这家旅馆收费公道。general“一般的，总的”：the general opinion一般的看法；partial“偏袒的，不公平的”；numerous“许多的，众多的”。
【译文】工人们的要求是适度的，他们只要少量增加工资。
53. D) 考点 词组用法辨析。固定搭配know better than明事理（而不至于）；other than“除了；不同于”：There is nobody here other than me. 除了我这里没有别人。The truth is quite other than what you think. 事实与你想的完全不一样。rather than“而不是”；more than“超过”。
【译文】你应该知道，不能把所有的钱都花在那些华而不实的花哨商品上。
54. A) 考点 名词辨析与搭配。词组in the dark“蒙在鼓里；在暗处；秘密地”：The transaction was made in the dark. 这笔交易是暗中做成的。ignorance“无知，愚昧”；shade“阴凉处”；shadow“影子，阴影”。
【译文】好像人人都知道他的丑事，惟独他妻子蒙在鼓里。
55. D) 考点 动词词组辨析。A)let up“停止，暂停”；B)let down“放松，松懈”：As his interest wore off,he began to let down. 随着兴趣的减弱，他开始松劲了。C)let off“宽恕；放（枪、炮、烟火等）”：let off fireworks放烟火；D)let out（1）“发出”：let out a cry of pain发出一声痛苦的叫声；（2）“出租”：let out cars by the day按天出租汽车。
【译文】教授讲了一个笑话，班上的所有学生大笑起来。
56. C) 考点 形似动词辨析。A)resume“恢复，重新开始”；B)assess“估计（形势等）”；C)assume（1）“假定，设想”；（2）“担任，承担”：assume responsibility for sth. 为某事承担责任；D)assure“使确信，使放心”：Nothing will assure permanent happiness. 没有什么能保证永久的幸福。
【译文】人们有把握认为那个星球上没有生命。
57. C) 考点 近义名词辨析。本句理解为：在某种场合下，你不得已做某事。occasion“场合，时机”：a formal occasion正式场合；与occasion搭配的相关词组：by occasion of由于，因为；on occasion(s)偶尔，间或，有时；on the occasion of在…之际；chance和opportunity表示为实现计划或愿望而获得的机会：Opportunity knocks at the door only once. 机不可失，时不再来。have a chance to see the hero有机会看到英雄；situation“形势，局面；处境”：get into a difficult situation陷入困境。
【译文】有些时候别人做着事你不得不打断。
58. A) 考点 近义动词辨析。A)creep（过去式crept）“（缓慢或悄悄的）行进”；B)stagger“摇晃”：stagger into a room蹒跚着走进房间；C)rush“冲，奔”：rush toward a door奔向门口；D)march“进军，行进”：march around the playground绕操场列队行进。
【译文】妈妈蹑手蹑脚地进入房间，吻了吻睡梦中的婴孩。
59. D) 考点 名词辨析。根据常识，建筑物中是钢筋结构，D正确。framework（1）“构架，框架”：a bridge with a metal framework金属结构桥梁；（2）“结构，体系”：within the framework of traditional institutions and ideas在传统习俗和思想的框框之内；institution“（教育、宗教等）机构；习俗”：an educational institution教育机构；terminal“末端，终点；终点站”：at the railroad terminal在铁路终点站；sightseeing“观光，游览”。
【译文】大楼先搭钢结构框架，然后填入砖和混凝土。
60. A) 考点 形容词辨析与逻辑照应。既然后面提到有些内容相互矛盾，那一定内容结构不协调。A)integrated“整体的，综合的，（各部分）相互协调的”：an integrated personality完整的个性；B)informed“有知识的，见闻广的”；C)intensive“加强的，深入细致的”：intensive training强化训练；an intensive discussion of the plan对计划的深入讨论；D)inward“里面的，内部的；内心的”：an inward room内室。
【译文】这本书条理不清，有些内容甚至相互矛盾。
Part ⅣCloze
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了食物银行的概念、它的运作方式以及除了食品外食品银行其他方面的情况。文章最后提到，应该“通过立法确保国内饥饿问题不要迷失于经济繁荣的阴影中”。
61. C) 根据句意，“食品银行”的食物来自于什么地方，C项正确。result from表示“因为，由于”，意思不妥。
62. A) give away此处解释为“送掉，赠送”，A项正确。give out“公布，发表；用完”；give over“移交；停止（做某事）”；give off“发出（气味、信号等）”。
63. B)项正确。前半句意思是“食品银行实行复杂而先进的仓储式运作”，后半句是定语从句，由where引导，相当于during which。
64. D)根据前后动词的意义确定该题选项，前面是“收集食品”，后面是“再分发食品”，中间应该取sort“对食品进行分类”，而不是process“对食品加工”，D项正确。
65. B)下文提到通过机构网络提供服务，而不是直接发送食品，选B。
66. A)those in need意为“穷人”，符合上下文意思，A项正确。
67. C)前半句为否定，后半句是肯定，中间用instead连接。C项正确。
68. D)an extensive network意为“庞大的网络”，D项正确。
69. B)根据句意，各个机构服务各自的社区，应选respective。
70. D)参照上一句，community正确。
71. A)从上下文意思判断，此处表示结果（therefore），而不是转折（nevertheless），让步（still）或对比（conversely），A正确。
72. C) a number of后接复数名词，a quantity of虽然也表示“大量”，一般不用于指人，如a quantity of meat,a quantity of vegetables，C项正确。
73. B)下文提到食品银行还经营儿童快餐和社区农业项目，所以本题选other。
74. D) range from…to…是固定搭配：“从…到…不等；涉及从…到…”。
75. A)儿童快餐是课外食品供应项目的一部分，A项正确。
76. C)raise funds是词组，意为“筹集资金”。
77. B)项正确，注意句末关键词hungry，所以用feed“提供食物”。
78. C)参看逗号前a hunger advocate“主张存在饥饿现象者”，后面应该是对饥饿现象的研究，选C。
79. A)本处的意思为“国内饥饿现象这一问题”，应选issue，A项正确。
80. D)economic boom“经济繁荣”，形容词作定语。
Part ⅤWriting
写作提示：本文要求写一封贷款信。理由要充分，对学生来说，由于家庭困难而无法支付学费是不错的话题。在行文时需注意句子结构的变化，简单句、并列句和复杂句尽可能交叉使用。在涉及词语的使用时，注意有意识的变化，比如“主修”可以表述为“major in”或“specialize in”；“学费”可以用expenses、tuition、fees等等；“经济困难”使用“financial burden/pressure/difficulties”。
Sample：
A Letter Applying for a Bank Loan
Mar. 1
Dear Sir/Madame,
I am a sophomore in Shanghai University, majoring in computer software. In the previous one and a half years I have been a model student and monitor of my class.
However, since I registered here, the expenses have become a burden for my average family. You know, my parents are both laid－off workers, and, to make matters worse, my mother has suddenly fallen ill and is expecting a major operation. It will be beyond their ability to finance me through my remaining education. It is now a must for me to help relieve their financial pressure. So I’m applying to your bank for a loan of 10,000 yuan. If my application is approved, all the money will go to my tuition and fees for the coming academic years.
I’ve made a detailed plan to arrange my school life. A part-time job as a family tutor will not be difficult to find and some work-study programs for students like me are also provided in our university. From these sources I will be able to earn more than enough to support myself. I guarantee that I will repay the loan within five years, that is, within two years after my graduation. Please have confidence in me: I have a very good credit record.
I would be greatly obliged if my application is granted. Many thanks.
Yours sincerely,
Liuliu