(3) expense (花费,耗费,开销)
含义中有"当被认为有大量花费时",这个词不仅仅用在金钱上,还用在时间或精力的花费上:
例如: medical expense (医药费)
living expense (生活费)
注意: 会计领域中使用这个词时,通常情况下以复数形式出现的机会较多.注意是通常情况:
例如: operating expenses (营业费用,经营费用)
travelling expenses (差旅费)
selling expense (销售费用,没有"s")
income taxes expense (所得税费用,没有"s")
(4) -age (费,资)
-age 是表示抽象名词的后缀.没有"费、资"的说法,但是下列这些词有
"费、资"的解释:
例如: postage (邮资) carriage (运费) storage (仓库费)
19. 句子: Arrange for transshipment en route if necessary.句中:
19.1 transshipment:
(1) 前缀 "trans-" = to a changed state (转变、转移、转换)
例如: transport, transplant (移植)
(2) transhipment 的拼法是否正确呢? 严格地来说,并不正规.
例如: transshipment additional (转船附加费)
transshipment charge (转船费用)
port of transshipment (中转港)
19.2 en route:
en route = on the way (在途中)
这是一个单词,外来语,并非是两个单词或词组, 后通常接"for、to、from"
例如: These containers were en route from shanghai to Los angeles.
20. 句子:
Monitor the movement of goods all the way to the consignee through contacts with the carrier and the forwarders’ agents abroad.我们这样看就简单多了:
Monitor the movement of goods through contacts with the carrier.
句子的其他部分再一点一点添加上去,句意就完整了.
21. 我们把两句句子连在一起看:
(1) Note damages or losses, if any, to the goods.
(2) Assist the consignor in pursuing claims, if any, against the carrier for loss of the goods or for damage to them.
21.1 damage:
damage = harm or injury that causes loss of value (有"失去价值"的含义)
例如: damage by fire (火损)
damage by water (水损)
damage certificate (残损证明书)
damage to the goods (注意介词搭配)
damaged goods (损坏了的货物)
goods damaged in transit (...中受损的货物)
21.2 loss: loss 这个词,词义很单纯, 解释"丧失,灭失",只是在字形上要把它和
下列单词区分清楚:
lose (动词)
lost ( lose 的过去式, 过去分词, 或其他解释的形容词)
loss (名词, 注意它的用法: loss of the goods)
21.3 make/pursue a claim against sb for sth (就...向...提出赔偿):
一提到 claim, 保险和法律的味道比较浓, pursue 还有 seek 的意思:
(1) 保险领域的"索赔": claim clause (索赔条款)
notice of claim (索赔通知)
(2) 法律领域的(根据权利所提出的)"要求":
claim for damage (要求损害赔偿)
The forwarders, on behalf of the consignee (importer), would:
Monitor the movement of good on behalf of the consignee when the
consignee controls freight (支付运费), that is, the cargo.
Receive and check all relevant documents relating to the movement of the goods.
Take delivery of the goods from the carrier and, if necessary, pay the freight cost (支付运费).
Arrange customs clearance and pay duties, fees and other charges to the customs and other public authorities.
Arrange transit warehousing, if necessary.
Deliver the cleared goods to the consignee.
Assist the consignee, if necessary, in pursuing claims, if any, against the carrier for the loss of the goods or any damage to them.
Assist the consignee, if necessary, in warehousing and distribution.
22. 句子:
Monitor the movement of good on behalf of the consignee when the
consignee controls freight, that is, the cargo.句中:
关于"货物"的词有这么一些,请辨析清楚:
(1) cargo = goods (尤其是指船、飞机、车辆所载的)货物,运输行业的用语.
例如: sepcial cargoes (特殊货物)
project cargoes (工程货物)
container cargo (集装箱货物)
general cargo (杂货、普通货物)
(2) goods 这个词与 passengers 相对应
例如: the shipment of goods (货物运输)
passenger transport (客运)
(3) commodity (生活必需品,在经济领域中解释的商品)
例如: household commodity (家庭用品)
commodity inspection (商品检验)
name of commodity = commodity name (品名)
(4) merchandise (销售、贸易领域中所指的商品、货物)
(5) article (它不象前面四个词那样的解释,即不是指商品或货物的总称,
它的解释常常是"物品、物件、制品"等单件商品)
例如: a bamboo article (竹器)
three articles of luggage (三件行李)
handmade articles (手工制品)
23. 句子:
Arrange customs clearance and pay duties, fees and other charges to the customs and other public authorities.句中:
23.1 duty (税,税收)
customs duty (海关税)
excise duties (消费税)
stamp duties (印花税)
duty-free goods (免税商品)
23.2 authority 和 association
(1) authority 作为名词,而且以复数的形式出现时:
例如: the health authorities 解释"当局、权威机构"
实际上,以译成"机构、机关、管理局、委员会"等比较合理
(2) association 解释"社团、协会、学会、联盟"等
例如: China International Freight Forwarders Association(CIFA)
International Federation of Feight Forwarders Association
(FIATA)
24. 句子: Deliver the cleared goods to the consignee.
我们在教材 p13 的第 12 行中发现有这样一个注释:
clear the goods for export (办理货物出口的清关手续)
那么本句中的 cleared goods 意思就很清楚了: "已清关的货物"
25. 段落小结：
从课文的第三自然段开始到最后是课文的第二层次,也是文章的中心所在.
通过 The forwarders, on behalf of the consignor (exporter), would:
和 The forwarders, on behalf of the consignee (importer), would: 两句
句子,作者把 freight forwarder 的服务范围理得清清楚楚,道得明明白白.
他采用罗列的形式逐条说明, 让读者感觉思路清晰,紧扣主题.
