1.暗含肯定的回答
暗含肯定的回答一般情况下以否定的形式出现。句中会有像no,neither,nor,hardly,seldom等否定词。
1)双重否定。双重否定实际上是一种肯定,表示说话者有礼貌,有时也用来加强语气。双重否定是否定形式中的难点,在听力测试中极易引起判断失误。因此,考生需迅速判断出两个否定词、词组或否定词缀,然后得出双重否定为肯定的结论。例如:
W:These are common problems that we can solve ourselves.
M:Yes,actually,there is no one who doesn't know how to solve them.
Q:What does the man mean?
A.Everyone knows how to find the solutions to those problems.
B.No one wants to find the solutions to those problems.
C.No one knows how to solve those problems.
D.It's hard to solve those problems.
对话中含有一个双重否定句,考生只有听清全句才能判断出正确答案。当然,第二句开始部分的“Yes�一词也给予了提示,预示后面内容是肯定的,本题正确答案是A。
2)形式否定而意义肯定的词组。这样的词组有in no time(立刻,很快),none other than(不是别人而正是)等。例如:
There is nothing but a few chairs in the classroom.教室里只有几把椅子。
3)否定词加形容词(或副词)的原级或比较级。该句型虽然是否定句,却暗含着肯定的意义。例如:
M:John,how are you?I heard you were sick.
W:They must have confused me with somebody else.I've never felt better.
Q:How does John feel?
A.Better.B.Sick.C.Fine.D.Tired.
如果只听到了一个否定词never就草率判断,那么很可能就会认为B是正确答案。但是,I've never felt better.意为“我从来没有比现在感觉更好了。”很明显,应选C。
2.暗含否定的回答
在听力测试中往往用肯定的回答干扰考生的判断。这种题型的最大特点是:含义是否定的,但表面上没有任何否定标记,以此来误导考生。
1)暗含否定的词汇。含否定意义的名词有avoidance,failure,reluctance,denial,lack等;动词有fail,deny, refuse,ignore,reject,exclude等;形容词有absent,different,free,little,few等;介词有above,beyond,without, against,except,out等。例如:
Mary failed to go to school because of the heavy snow.由于天降大雪,玛丽没去上学。
Is there a law against spitting in the street in this country?这个国家有法律规定不让在大街上吐痰吗?
2)暗含否定的短语。暗含否定的动词短语有differ from(与……不同),leave alone(不管),protect...from(保护……不受到伤害)等;介词短语有out of(没有),at a loss(不知所措),at one's wit's end(无计可施)等;其它短语有instead of(而不是……),let alone(更不用说),thelast...(最不……的)等。如:
W:Would you like to go and see the new exhibit with us?
M:That's the last thing in the world I ever want to do.
Q:What does the man mean?
A.He is often asked to go and see exhibits.
B.He would like to go and see the exhibit.
C.He went to see the exhibit last year.
D.He definitely does not want to go.
在对话中男士没有直接说他不想去看展览,而是说看展览是他在这个世界上最不想做的事,通过last这个词给了女士一个否定的回答。他的回答与D项在句义上相同,故选D。
3)暗含否定的句子结构。英语中的虚拟条件句中含有否定的意义。此外,像too...to...,more...than...(more than),would rather...than...等结构也暗含否定。
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