一、英译汉解题四步法

第一步，结构分析；

第二步，句子切分；

第三步，词义推敲；

第四步，检查核对。

从句分为名词性从句、状语从句和定语从句，名词性从句其中的主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句它的基本方法是不需要进行过多的处理，关键是当从句的引导词是有实际意义的，我们需要在翻译中把它还原到这个句子中本来的位置。

同位语从句的翻译方法，它和定语从句的方法基本一致，短时把它处理成它的中心词，如果长的时候把它分成两个句子，也可以用“那就是、这就是、也就是说”这样的表示重复的方法来进行拆分。

在英语中经常会出现省略，而汉语中经常需要把省略的东西补充全。英语中有很多抽象的词，而汉语中比较具体，在翻译的过程中经常需要加上一些表示范畴的词。

There be句型经常翻译成“有”，如果这里有一个表示地点的状语，我们经常把状语作为汉语的主语。

对于倒装句的翻译方法基本上是把它按正常语序来进行翻译。

二、真题举例分析

Directions：

Read the following passage carefully and then translate underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)

According to the new school of scientists， technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. (71)Science moves forward， they say， not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. (72) “In short，” a leader of the new school contends， “the scientific revolution， as we call it， was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.” (73)Over the years， tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology argues that such masters as Galileo， Newton， Maxwell， Einstein， and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to， and derived great benefit from， craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.

The centerpiece of the argument of a technology-yes， genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileo''s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy， an astronomer of the second century， whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions. (74) Galileo''s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. But the real hero of the story， according to the new school of scientists， was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eyeglasses.

Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute. (75) Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.

71.他们(新学派科学家们)说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼见，还不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等等更为普通的东西。

72.新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说：“简而言之，我们所称谓的科学革命，主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用，这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。”

73.工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。

74.伽里略的最光辉的业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空，以证实行星是围绕太阳旋转，而不是围绕地球旋转。

75.政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量。
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